TEMPOS: A Platform for Developing Temporal Applications on Top of Object DBMS

This paper presents TEMPOS: a set of models and languages supporting the manipulation of temporal data on top of object DBMS. The proposed models exploit object-oriented technology to meet some important, yet traditionally neglected design criteria related to legacy code migration and representation independence. Two complementary ways for accessing temporal data are offered: a query language and a visual browser. The query language, namely TempOQL, is an extension of OQL supporting the manipulation of histories regardless of their representations, through fully composable functional operators. The visual browser offers operators that facilitate several time-related interactive navigation tasks, such as studying a snapshot of a collection of objects at a given instant, or detecting and examining changes within temporal attributes and relationships. TEMPOS models and languages have been formalized both at the syntactical and the semantical level and have been implemented on top of an object DBMS. The suitability of the proposals with regard to applications' requirements has been validated through concrete case studies

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Vers une programmation systématique : étude de quelques méthodes, techniques et outils

Universités : Université scientifique et médicale de Grenoble et Institut national polytechnique de GrenobleLe traitement séquentiel : principes du traitement séquentiel, programmation du traitement séquentiel, application systématique du traitement séquentiel, analyse récurrente et traitement séquentiel. Le traitement arborescent : principes du traitement arborescent, application du traitement séquentiel au traitement d'arbres, application du traitement arborescent à l'étude d'algorithmes récursifs. Notations algorithmiques et programmation systématique : langages de programmation et notations algorithmiques. Un exemple de notation algorithmique

A Sequence-Based Object-Oriented Model for Video Databases

Structuration, annotation and composition are amidst the most crucial modeling issues that video editing and querying in the context of a database entail. In this paper, we propose a sequencebased, object-oriented data model that addresses them in an unified, yet orthogonal way. Thanks to this orthogonality, the interactions between these three aspects are properly captured, i.e. annotations may be attached to any level of video structuration, and all the composition operators preserve the structurations and annotations of the argument videos. We also propose to query both the structuration and the annotations of videos using an extension of ODMG’s OQL which integrates a set of algebraic operators on sequences. The overall proposal is formalized and implemented on top of an object-oriented DBMS

TEMPOS (une plate-forme pour le développement d'applications temporelles au dessus de SGBD à objets)

GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocGRENOBLE-MI2S (384212302) / SudocSudocFranceF

TEMPOS: A Platform for Developing Temporal Applications on top of Object DBMS

International audienceThis paper presents TEMPOS: a set of models and languages supporting the manipulation of temporal data on top of object DBMS. The proposed models exploit object-oriented technology to meet some important, yet traditionally neglected design criteria related to legacy code migration and representation independence. Two complementary ways for accessing temporal data are offered: a query language and a visual browser. The query language, namely TEMPOQL, is an extension of OQL supporting the manipulation of histories regardless of their representations, through fully composable functional operators. The visual browser offers operators that facilitate several time-related interactive navigation tasks, such as studying a snapshot of a collection of objects at a given instant, or detecting and examining changes within temporal attributes and relationships. TEMPOS models and languages have been formalized both at the syntactical and the semantical level and have been implemented on top of an object DBMS. The suitability of the proposals with regard to applications requirements has been validated through concrete case studies

Encyclopédie de l'Informatique et des Systèmes d'Information

International audienceDans la plupart des SGBD, le temps est l'un des types de données élémentaires fournis pour dater entités et associations. On peut ainsi enregistrer la date de naissance d'une personne. Selon les systèmes, les fonctionnalités pour la manipulation de dates sont plus ou moins complètes à plusieurs égards : variété des modes d'expression et calendriers utilisables, variété des niveaux de granularité et précision imposée, richesse du jeu d'opérateurs, etc. Dans tous les cas, les SGBD ne rendent accessibles qu'une vision instantanée des données définie par la dernière mise à jour de la base. Lorsque la prise en compte de l'évolution des données est requise, leur historique doit être géré au niveau des programmes d'application, ce qui en accroît la complexité. Dans ce chapitre, nous discutons des problèmes posés par la modélisation logique et l'interrogation de données temporelles

Updates and application migration support in an ODMG temporal extension

. A substantial number of temporal extensions to data models and query languages have been proposed. However, little attention has been paid to the migration of data and applications from a "snapshot" DBMS to a temporal extension of it. In this paper, we analyze this issue and precisely formulate some requirements related to it. We then present a temporal extension of the ODMG's object database standard fulfilling these requirements. Throughout this presentation, we underscore the importance of providing adequate update and interpolation modalities in achieving application migration support. Keywords: temporal databases, application migration, schema evolution, temporal updates, object-oriented databases, ODMG 1 Introduction Temporal databases aim at integrating time as a primitive concept in DBMS. Research in this area has given birth to a substantial number of temporal data models, most of which are actually extensions of existing "snapshot" ones. A common rationale for temporally ..

Handling temporal grouping and pattern-matching queries in a temporal object model

This paper presents a language for expressing temporal pattern-matching queries, and a set of temporal grouping operators for structuring histories following calendar-based criteria. Pattern-matching queries are shown to be useful for reasoning about successive events in time while tempo-ral grouping may be either used to aggregate data along the time dimension or to display histories. The combination of these capabilities allows to express complex queries involv-ing succession in time and calendar-based conditions simul-taneously. These operators are embedded into the TEMPOS temporal data model and their use is illustrated through ex-amples taken from a geographical application. The proposal has been validated by a prototype on top of the O2 DBMS